Disaster Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disaster Safety Management - Essay Example This resulted in increased pressure and temperature over 200Â ° centigrade. Due to the blowing North-Westly winds, the vented gases were introduced to Bhopal. Regarding the safety issues, in November 1984 most of the safety problems persisted in the industry. The safety system was not good at that time as many pipes and valves were not in good conditions. The 42 tons of MIC was above the safety lines allowed. Due to these lacking and increased temperature and pressure, presence of contaminants, resulted in the emergency venting from MIC tank that caused release of toxic gases. Due to lack of safety instructions to the workers that cleaned pipes from water, without having slip-blind water isolation tap, the water entered the tank 610 and caused the problem. But these safety issues were denied by the corporation. The health effects at the start was the burning eyes, suffocation and vomiting. The Hamidia hospital reported the patients had symptoms of respiratory difficulties, blindness and visual impairments. Due to the toxic gases that were denser than air, these gases stayed near the ground. The people that ran rather than using vehicle were more exposed to these primary symptoms of suffocation, coughing, vomiting and eye irritation. Similarly the height differences caused more effects on short heighted persons.

Several factors have helped bring Essay Example for Free

Several factors have helped bring Essay Several factors have helped bring about progress in medicine. In this essay, I will be discussing these factors. Firstly, I will be discussing how the government has helped to bring about progress in medicine. I will do this by giving an example and explaining. One good example is the measures taken by the government in Britain from the year 1900 to the year 1945. In total, there were nine acts and campaigns to improve health in Britain. This improved conditions in Britain and as a result, the death rate from illnesses and diseases decreased dramatically. Here is a table showing what the government did to improve medicine in Britain. 1902 Midwives Act, compulsory training and setting of standards. 1906 Education (Provision of Meals) Act, local authorities allowed to provide meals in elementary schools. 1907 Notification of Births Act, so that health visitors could be sure they visited all new babies. 1907 Education (Administrative Provision) Act, medical services provided for children at school. 1911 National Insurance Act, free medical treatment for workers who paid a contribution, but not their families. 1918 Maternal and child welfare Act, allowed local authorities to provide free clinics from pregnant woman and infants. 1930 Housing Act, slum clearance undertaken. 1940 Diphtheria immunisation campaign. 1940s Funding for the development of penicillin. War has helped and hindered progress in medicine in many ways. Medical help is needed mostly in wartime. In all wars soldiers were wounded this opened the possibilities for more progress in medicine. The best example is the progress made in the First World War, many things in medicine were improved because of the Great War. WWI was a massive worldwide conflict, more people died in it than in any other war before it. This was a result of new and deadly weapons being used for the first time. The most important breakthrough was through surgery, I will be discussing this later on in the essay. Many powerful guns and weapons were used this caused more severe wounds. In addition, more people were wounded this gave doctors and surgeons more opportunity to experiment with new techniques. Blood transfusion was very effectively improved, the storage and the transportation. Many recruits in the army had low standards of health. This made the government worry more and it also made them more eager to improve health care back home. The soldiers who fought in the war were promised good housing when they returned as a reward. This speeded up the process of getting rid of unhealthy slums in Britain. The soldiers, however, were never given these houses so they were in a way tricked into joining the army. In some ways, the First World War hindered the development of surgical techniques. It stopped a great deal of medical research. However, the war helped more than hindered. During the conflict surgeons did their best for the wounded but their methods, which worked well in a clean hospital operating theatre, were not so effective on a dirty battlefield. They had to develop new techniques to deal with the problems. Some of these techniques had an impact on surgery in civilian hospitals after the war. There were three main improvements in surgery, X-Rays, Blood transfusion and fighting infection. X-Rays were invented before the war but during the war, X-Rays were used for the first time. The X-Ray machine improved the success rate of surgeons in removing deeply lodged bullets and shrapnels, which would otherwise cause fatal infection. Blood transfusion had been used since the 1800s, but mysteriously it only worked sometimes. During WW1, scientists discovered that there were different blood groups and that the patient only recovered if he were given a blood transfusion with the same blood group as his own. This was an important discovery, which saved many lives. Finally, infected wounds, this was a real problem as most soldiers with wounds died from infection. During WW1, fighting infection was improved slightly. Surgeons cut away infected tissues and soaked the wound with a saline solution. War hindered progress in medicine in the following ways: Bullet wounds caused infection and powerful guns caused sever wounds, which not all doctors could cure. Millions of soldiers were killed and war stopped medical research doctors were taken away from their normal work to help the wounded in the war. I agree with the statement: chance by itself has never brought about progress in medicine. This is evident with Pasteurs discovery of a vaccine for chicken cholera. One of Pasteurs scientists injected a chicken with cholera; the scientist was confused because next day the chicken was not dead. Pasteur then asked him which cholera did he use, the scientist found out that the cholera he used was old and that it had been exposed to the air for a long time. They then injected the chicken with some fresh germs and they didnt work on the animal either. Pasteur decided the fresh germs were faulty he decided to try the fresh germs on different chickens. He found out there was nothing wrong with the fresh germs. Pasteur had found another vaccination. The old germs had protected the first group of chickens just like Jenners vaccine. Chance by itself has never brought about progress in medicine but it did play a big part in medicine but without the geniuses like Pasteur we may never have found out treatments and cures for deadly diseases.

How Polluted Is The Brisbane River Environmental Sciences Essay

How Polluted Is The Brisbane River Environmental Sciences Essay This paper described the water pollution in Brisbane River and its effect in the environment and human health. It constructed an index that focuses on the effects and vulnerability to the environment. Councils and industries affect the Brisbane River by polluting and not following proper precautions. This paper examines the contaminants present and how primarily reduces its number. There is a wide range of industrial pollutants in Brisbane River discussed in this paper. It affects the Entire River and bodies of water around the location. These pollutants are generally addressed in various ways. Benefits of effective environmental management include improved water working conditions and reduced pollution incidents significantly due to industrial and structural processes. Some environmental advocates of water ecotourism choose to think of it as a true return to nature by minimizing realty development in natural areas and preserving their intrinsic beauty. The balance of costs and benef its is difficult to assess due to the insufficient data. Introduction The government initiated measures to control Brisbane water pollution by regulating its source that prevent the pollutants from being released into the atmosphere. Emission control systems set by the government are seen as the solution rather than considering ways to eliminate or minimize pollutant. By virtue of government mandate, the Environmental Protection Agency has been charged with the responsibility for developing programs on Hazardous waste regulation as well as a regulatory body for Brisbane River (Miller, 2008). The Environmental Protecting agency may make rules subject to the negative designation of hazardous substances and the performance standard, safeguard, procedures and licensing requirement with accordance with which such hazardous substances shall be handled. The management investigate the environment generally and such premises necessary to ascertain the nature of pollutants. It also develops and implements programs for the management of such wastes which include registration and further characterization of significant sources being disposed to the environment There is a wide range of industrial pollutants in Brisbane River that started when European settlement establish around the area causing pollution and increase waste products (Gleick Palaniappan, 2008). These include combustion and sewage products from power generation, transport and incineration. The common contaminants generated by these processes include, nitrous oxides, phosphoric substances, particulates, carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides. Effects of the development in the area such as industrial pollutants are directly affecting river as well as health of the population. There are also significant amount of sulfuric or nitric acid detected in aquatic reservoir that can destruct vegetation, drinking water, erode buildings and damage aquatic life in the River. The community utilizes Modification of the Transmission to disperse pollutants and most of the other waste products generated are re-shipped to manufacturers for recycling (Agar, 2001). An Analysis of Past and Current Pollution Levels SURVEY_DATE Nitrogen (total) as N (mg/L) Phosphorus (total) as P (mg/L) 4/10/2006 0.54 0.24 15/11/2006 0.52 0.23 15/12/2006 0.51 0.2 16/01/2007 0.46 0.2 14/02/2007 0.48 0.2 16/03/2007 0.47 0.19 17/04/2007 0.43 0.2 15/05/2007 0.51 0.25 14/06/2007 0.66 0.28 12/07/2007 0.56 0.25 10/08/2007 0.41 0.25 10/09/2007 0.5 0.24 9/10/2007 0.49 0.23 7/11/2007 0.55 0.25 5/12/2007 0.48 0.25 8/01/2008 0.7 0.31 5/02/2008 0.57 0.19 5/03/2008 0.35 0.098 4/04/2008 0.37 0.14 15/05/2008 0.44 0.17 17/06/2008 0.57 0.16 16/07/2008 0.57 0.17 15/08/2008 0.45 0.14 11/09/2008 0.38 0.13 13/10/2008 0.43 0.15 12/11/2008 0.46 0.15 10/12/2008 0.71 0.14 8/01/2009 0.58 0.1 9/02/2009 0.42 0.11 10/03/2009 0.59 0.17 8/04/2009 0.68 0.18 7/05/2009 0.48 0.13 5/06/2009 0.55 0.1 6/07/2009 0.71 0.095 5/08/2009 0.42 0.084 3/09/2009 0.5 0.12 5/10/2009 0.46 0.12 4/11/2009 0.3 0.088 3/12/2009 1.9 0.16 13/01/2010 0.51 0.11    These data can be used as a proxy for water pollution in general, which impacts on many aspects of the riverà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s ecosystem and public health including such things as quality of water and biodiversity. But there is no continuous data monitoring for Nitrogen and Phosphorus and other hazardous chemical in Brisbane River (Miller, 2008). Therefore estimation for this pollutant indicator could not be determined. The data indices was developed in the past which describe the risks associated with sustainability, climate change, economic and social conditions, climate change, natural disasters, anthropogenic impacts in the river. Most of these figures describe the vulnerability of human systems with only limited attempts having been made to describe effects of air pollution on the environment (Donald, 2002). Nature There is a wide range of industrial pollutants in Brisbane River. These pollutants are generally addressed in various ways. These include oil products from manufacturers, industries, transport and incineration. The common contaminants generated by these processes include phosphorus and nitrogen. There are also non-combustion sources. Examples of these are industrial processes, transportation, agriculture and construction that produce water pollutants and particulates (Gleick Palaniappan, 2008). These are release directly from the source into the water in a harmful form. A typical pollutant would be nitrogenous compound. Moreover, particulates are also present and serve as atmospheric pollutants that consist of the vapor phase of such compounds. Its chemical composition is depending upon source chemicals. The pollution level in the past years in Brisbane River is continually increasing partly because of industrialization and technology (Ostopowich, 2006). There is also inorganic water pollutants consist of many types of substances present in the river. Many of these liquid and solid substances may become particulate air contaminants. These inorganic water pollutants consist of sulfur, oxides of carbon, and nitrogen. Nitrogen and phosphorus are considered as a directly fatal and toxic material (Miller, 2008). Carbon dioxide in the water may turn out to be the most significant water pollutant of all because of its potential health hazard that might cause devastating water destruction. Oxides of nitrogen and sulfur are acid forming gases that can facilitate acid formation. These pollutants enter the water system as the result of industrial activities. The trends are continually fluctuating without normal ranges (Agar, 2001). Effects Water pollution from mechanical and industrial sources is the most widespread form of pollution in Brisbane River. It affects the Entire River and bodies of water around the location. Continuous Water protection monitoring is presently conducted in the river. Over the period 2000-2010 there has been a steady increase in the number of industries around the river (Gleick Palaniappan, 2008).The number of industrial processes in the area has remained more or less steady during this same period. There are pollution standard concentrations over a period of time that is considered to be acceptable on health and on the environment (Donald, 2002). They can also be used as a bench mark to see if water pollution is getting worse. Moreover, water pollution has a wide range of effects on human health resided along the river, ecosystems, structures and other human communities. Adverse effect and discomfort on human health and environment result to functional and physical damages. Australian Healt h Ministry reported incidence of respiratory diseases related to chemical pollutants around the area. They detected significant amount of phosphoric or nitrogenous chemicals in aquatic reservoir which can be attributed to acid rains. It can contaminate drinking water, vegetations and erode river wall buildings and damage aquatic life. Some environmental advocates of water ecotourism choose to think of it as a true return to nature by minimizing realty development in natural areas and preserving their intrinsic beauty. For example, instead of using up large tracts of land for building hotel complexes, these advocates prefer the construction of small, more ecologically friendly lodges that can take in a limited number of people only. The idea behind this thinking is to lessen the negative impact that tourist activities make on the environment, keeping consumption well within the carrying capacity of the area. (Miller, 2008). Others, however, see ecological benefits is being compromise because it accounts for benefits and uses that the host communities can get from the tourist activities in their area as well as the profits that travel agencies can also realize. They believe that conscientious consumption of the environmental resources and economic progress can be enjoyed simultaneously. The main thrust of this paper is therefore to determine if ecotourism he trending situations and is actually possible to reduce the pollutants, given the conflicting interests at play in these kinds of activities (Ostopowich, 2006). Control The number of collected data on control measures in Brisbane River is aggressively planned by our office (Environmental Protection Agency) with collaboration of various private and public sectors. It is difficult to determine accurately the percentage of effectively managed or controlled pollutants per year but the effort is continuous. Water pollutants resulted from industrial processes in the river is treated by different water treatment process (Gleick Palaniappan, 2008). It disperses pollutants to reduce the concentration at the susceptible target location to an acceptable level. The pollutant was transported with a considerable distance and transform to clean water. In this process, the water pollutants are brought to a designated area and are compacted. Most of the other waste products generated are re-shipped to manufacturers for recycling. In Trinidad only waste oil is recycled, therefore, given that 897.8 cubic meters of oil is generated per year, with 35.8 cubic meters bei ng recycled, the mean percent of hazardous waste recycled locally is about 4 per cent (Donald, 2002). Environmental Protection on water is also stressed out by the government. They prohibit the deposition or release of rubbish, scrap metal, motor vehicle parts, motor vehicle bodies, building waste, solid or liquid waste from an on-site domestic waste water treatment system, degreasing agent, paint, varnish or paint thinner or any manufactured product, or any by-product or waste from a manufacturing processes, that has a pH less than 6 or greater than nine (Agar, 2001). Recommendations The Environmental Protection agency gathers the most relevant information to come up with recommendations on how to decrease water pollution in Brisbane River. To help protect human health and ecosystem around Brisbane River, these recommendations suit to control and minimize water pollution Water quality indexes must be used to serve as warning for susceptible people of a possible air pollution health risk. The modified Environmental Vulnerability Index must aid to summarize a wide range of environmental vulnerability for Brisbane River. A significant number of data collections are requirement to extract important information from various government or private agencies and international environmental organizations the country Administrative controls and legislative protocol can be utilized to minimize or prevent the generation of pollutants by the adoption of appropriate industrial practices and rules for specific processes including maintenance, waste disposal procedures and management controls. Engineering measures and controls can be used by Industries to minimize or prevent the release of pollutants. This approach includes polluting material elimination and substitution to prevent harmful emission into the atmosphere. Modification of the process to eliminate or reduce emissions is also part of engineering control. Emission control systems are also effective method to discharge gas streams adequately Government must continually provide support for strengthening the environmental management capacity of participating agencies to provide advice and access to data in support of its activities relating to complaints, environmental emergencies, monitoring compliance, enforcement and assessment of the state of environment. Properly dissemination of information and co-coordinate activities to promote and enhance environmental awareness of the public. A Predictive Model of Future Pollution The establishment of the predictive mode for water pollution is basically outlined from environment law and the plan provided a new set of perspective and basic ideas for the future environmental policies and trend regarding water pollution. This model established a framework with a long-term course. The model is a prediction on how the Brisbane River will progress and how the present effort affects the future. Previously, pollution problems were regional and the resulting damage was easy to see. It was therefore relatively easy to appreciate the causes and effect (Gleick Palaniappan, 2008). By contrasting the present situation to the past, many of todays water and environmental problems are caused by the activities of human being and many different elements that go to build up current complex and huge economic society. In order to solve these environmental problem, collaboration and partnership is a very important component. Collaboration in this case involves various private and l ocal elements in society working together in sharing and cooperating responsibilities. It also contains understanding the relationship between the activities of human and the natural environment, and also the connection that between socio-economic activities and the ecosystem. (Miller, 2008) People around Brisbane River have always been dependent on the environment as well as many people around the world. It is significantly essential for us to take into consideration, and realize, the relationship that between people and his environment, and to open a way for a sustainable future with the active cooperation and involvement of all people (Ostopowich, 2006). Conclusions Human systems and the environment are dependent on one another so that risks to the environment will eventually translate into harm and risks for humans and their welfare. Air pollutants from industrial facilities and industrial processes in Brisbane River include: oil refineries, power plants, chemical plants and steel mills. The amount of emissions are variously controlled, licensed and permitted emissions by the government, Waste production indicator is based on the amount of wastes produced by industrial processes and pollutants being generated or brought into the river.

Intellectual Property on the Internet Essay -- IP Intellectual Propert

Intellectual Property on the Internet On one of my first web sites I had an original graphic design, done by one of my friends. The design was interesting and eye-catching, two necessary elements for my site. I kept the design on the site for over six months, before taking it down and rebuilding. Almost a year after the graphic went up on my site, the person who designed it saw it on another site. After he showed me, he expressed his disappointment. He had put his time and hard work into this and someone else had just copied the image off my site and used it for themselves. The design was my friend's work and his intellectual property. According to the United States Information Agency, intellectual property is [i]nformation that derives its intrinsic value from creative ideas. It is also information with a commercial value. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are bestowed on owners of ideas, inventions and creative expression that have the status of property. Like tangible property, IPRs give owners the right to exclude others from access to or use of their property. (United States Information Agency, "Intellectual Property Rights Protection") One example of tangible property is the ownership and use of an automobile. If I hold the title to a car it is my car, and I have the right to let people borrow this automobile. I also retain the right to prevent someone from taking my car. Just as I have the right to share or prevent others from using my tangible property, I ought to have the right to share my intellectual property, my word, graphics, and sounds, with whom I choose. If I choose not to allow someone else to use these ideas, then that person will be violating my intellectual property rights. The concept of in... ...ctual Property Organisation." World Intellectual Property Organisation. 1993. {http://ra.irv.uit.no/trade_law/documents/i_p/wipo/art/wipo.html} (1 April 1997). "Intellectual Property Rights Protection." U.S. Information Agency. {http://www.usis.usemb.se/topics/ip/1.html} (27 March 1997). Rosenberg, Matt. "Copyright Law Meets the World Wide Web." 1995. {http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds2-2/weblaw.html} (1 April 1997). Templeton, Brad. "10 Big Myths about copyright explained." {http://www.clari.net/brad/copymyths.html} (1 April 1997). Thilman, Jude. "Telecommunications Radio Project." 1993. {gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org/00/orgs/pacifica/tel/5} (5 April 1997). Turnbull, Paul. "Conversational Scholarship in Cyberspace: The Evolution and Activities of H-NET, the On-line Network for the Humanities." Australian Universities' Review. 39(1): 12-15, 1996.

Life Goals

There are many goals in my life that I would love to achieve. I am only 15 years old so I can’t write as much as someone twice my age so to say, but I strictly know my high school goals, college goals, career goals, and personal goals. As a 15 year old I have a lot already planned out so I will soon see how close I follow my goals. My first and most important high school goal I have is to finish school with a G. P. A. 3. 8 or higher. I can not stress enough how important this goal is to me, for this goal will enable me to a higher possibility of getting into the college of my choice.If I fail to complete this goal I will have to apply to less prestigious colleges, which will not be the best for my future career and personal goals. Freshman year I finished with a 3. 8 so that means I am already on the right path to maintaining a 3. 8, but that really isn’t my goal that’s just the lowest G. P. A. I will accept I really am aiming for a 4. 0 or higher due to my advan ced placement classes. I am most confident that I will be able to reach this goal with the help from teachers and family they will be a main factor in my high school career.There are still two more very important years of my high school life so I must study hard and work hard to reach this goal. This next goal has already been in my head since 8th grade I can say I am quite the worry wart, this goal is getting high SAT scores or ACT depending on what the college will require. So far I have taken the PSAT (preliminary SAT) to help me maintain and focus on this specific goal. Taking the PSAT has opened me up to what the SAT will be like in my junior year, also I have bought some practice SAT books to help my study.AVID is going to be a huge factor for my SAT prep I’ve been told that junior year in AVID Is all about SAT prep, so that will be a big step ahead of other competitors trying to attend the same college of my choice. This test will either make or break my college applic ation having a high SAT score makes the chance of getting into a competitive college even higher. I still have to take the SAT and study for it every chance I get. Getting into a prestigious medical school is my number one college goal.Of course I will have to attend a four year college before I do this, but I hope to get into the most competitive medical school I can. By reaching and achieving this goal it will make my career goals easier to overcome. I have started to research different medical schools also I have been focused on the medical schools with an accelerated program. To achieve this goal I have I will have to get my bachelors and master degrees, then I will continue on to accept my medical doctorate.I have talked to doctors about what college they went to and how long it took them to finish the accelerated program if they chose that option. I still need to go to college and be accepted into a medical school. After I receive my medical doctorate I would like to continue on and study a specialty specifically in dermatology which will allow me to say I’m a certified doctor in the medicine. This will also enable me to open a medical practice just for dermatology and guide patients with the correct medicine, creams, face scrub etc†¦In the ninth grade I did a project in Biology on dermatologist and I had to go around town and interview the local dermatologist this opened my eyes to what I would like to do with my life. I furthered my study after this project and this practice really caught my eye so to say, also my mom and I have came close friends with a dermatologist in town. I still need to go to college get my Bachelors degree and Masters then I have to get my M. D. then finally I could start my studies in dermatology!My sayings or morals that I live by are what my parents have been telling me my whole life, I live my personal life by hard work and respect these are the goals I would like to always have and live my life by. By working ha rd and respecting everything I feel like I will go far in life and do great things. The only way I will get to college is by hard work and respecting my teachers that take their time to lecture, show examples, and actually give time after school to give extra help.Everything I do in life I respect and I do it to the fullest at least I try to, not everything I do will be 100 percent accurate or always right, but I will take the time to get it right the next time. By having respect I will receive respect back and actually have people I could ask for help and get an eligible answer for my question. These are the two most important ideas I feel everyone should live by. My second personal goal is to when I actually have one of my own is to spend a lot of time with my family.This flashes back to my first personal goal by working hard I will most likely succeed in progressive career where I could set my own work hours and take vacations with my family. This goal will mean a whole lot more once I actually have a family of my own, but I would like to do as much as I can to be the best father and husband also to be supportive of everyone in my family. That is my reasoning on how to have a successful family with not as much stress as most family’s have. All in all these goals are all equal in importance to me, they will help me go places in life and help me achieve great things.I hope I achieve my goal of my grade point average then also get a high SAT score. Getting into medical school will broaden my career choice and also studying dermatology will choose my medical practice that I will embark on. Working hard and having respect for everything I do and say will make me a man people look up to and would like to be around, also having family time when I am older will make myself be the best father figure and husband for my wife and kids. Those are all my life goals that I would like to achieve in my future. Life Goals There are many goals in my life that I would love to achieve. I am only 15 years old so I can’t write as much as someone twice my age so to say, but I strictly know my high school goals, college goals, career goals, and personal goals. As a 15 year old I have a lot already planned out so I will soon see how close I follow my goals. My first and most important high school goal I have is to finish school with a G. P. A. 3. 8 or higher. I can not stress enough how important this goal is to me, for this goal will enable me to a higher possibility of getting into the college of my choice.If I fail to complete this goal I will have to apply to less prestigious colleges, which will not be the best for my future career and personal goals. Freshman year I finished with a 3. 8 so that means I am already on the right path to maintaining a 3. 8, but that really isn’t my goal that’s just the lowest G. P. A. I will accept I really am aiming for a 4. 0 or higher due to my advan ced placement classes. I am most confident that I will be able to reach this goal with the help from teachers and family they will be a main factor in my high school career.There are still two more very important years of my high school life so I must study hard and work hard to reach this goal. This next goal has already been in my head since 8th grade I can say I am quite the worry wart, this goal is getting high SAT scores or ACT depending on what the college will require. So far I have taken the PSAT (preliminary SAT) to help me maintain and focus on this specific goal. Taking the PSAT has opened me up to what the SAT will be like in my junior year, also I have bought some practice SAT books to help my study.AVID is going to be a huge factor for my SAT prep I’ve been told that junior year in AVID Is all about SAT prep, so that will be a big step ahead of other competitors trying to attend the same college of my choice. This test will either make or break my college applic ation having a high SAT score makes the chance of getting into a competitive college even higher. I still have to take the SAT and study for it every chance I get. Getting into a prestigious medical school is my number one college goal.Of course I will have to attend a four year college before I do this, but I hope to get into the most competitive medical school I can. By reaching and achieving this goal it will make my career goals easier to overcome. I have started to research different medical schools also I have been focused on the medical schools with an accelerated program. To achieve this goal I have I will have to get my bachelors and master degrees, then I will continue on to accept my medical doctorate.I have talked to doctors about what college they went to and how long it took them to finish the accelerated program if they chose that option. I still need to go to college and be accepted into a medical school. After I receive my medical doctorate I would like to continue on and study a specialty specifically in dermatology which will allow me to say I’m a certified doctor in the medicine. This will also enable me to open a medical practice just for dermatology and guide patients with the correct medicine, creams, face scrub etc†¦In the ninth grade I did a project in Biology on dermatologist and I had to go around town and interview the local dermatologist this opened my eyes to what I would like to do with my life. I furthered my study after this project and this practice really caught my eye so to say, also my mom and I have came close friends with a dermatologist in town. I still need to go to college get my Bachelors degree and Masters then I have to get my M. D. then finally I could start my studies in dermatology!My sayings or morals that I live by are what my parents have been telling me my whole life, I live my personal life by hard work and respect these are the goals I would like to always have and live my life by. By working ha rd and respecting everything I feel like I will go far in life and do great things. The only way I will get to college is by hard work and respecting my teachers that take their time to lecture, show examples, and actually give time after school to give extra help.Everything I do in life I respect and I do it to the fullest at least I try to, not everything I do will be 100 percent accurate or always right, but I will take the time to get it right the next time. By having respect I will receive respect back and actually have people I could ask for help and get an eligible answer for my question. These are the two most important ideas I feel everyone should live by. My second personal goal is to when I actually have one of my own is to spend a lot of time with my family.This flashes back to my first personal goal by working hard I will most likely succeed in progressive career where I could set my own work hours and take vacations with my family. This goal will mean a whole lot more once I actually have a family of my own, but I would like to do as much as I can to be the best father and husband also to be supportive of everyone in my family. That is my reasoning on how to have a successful family with not as much stress as most family’s have. All in all these goals are all equal in importance to me, they will help me go places in life and help me achieve great things.I hope I achieve my goal of my grade point average then also get a high SAT score. Getting into medical school will broaden my career choice and also studying dermatology will choose my medical practice that I will embark on. Working hard and having respect for everything I do and say will make me a man people look up to and would like to be around, also having family time when I am older will make myself be the best father figure and husband for my wife and kids. Those are all my life goals that I would like to achieve in my future.

Unit

These two levels are very different, and must be approached by those delivering the learning with awareness of the altered factors. Hence why all curriculums need to different to meet the requirements of learners. Pedagogy is when you are teaching learners that fit into the ‘child to adult' spectrum of development. This covers secondary school and some further education levels. When delivering the learning you need to be aware that they are not self motivated like mature learners, so you have to approach the teaching differently.They must be shown the benefits of what they are tidying to understand where it fits into the grand scheme of their education, where this subject is leading. If they are shown progression and a point to the learning, it will aid in their motivation. You need to constantly change the learning styles. This is true of all teaching, but more so with the pedagogy principle. Young learners need to be interested in the topic or the format of learning it. As th ey are at a stage in their education where it is compulsory, not every learner it the classroom wants to be there. This makes them harder to engage and keep engaged.Constant changing of learning styles will aid his. Androgyny is the second principle of learning. This deals with mature learners. This has the same issues as the pedagogy principle, just cased in a different format. Most androgyny learners are there because they want to increase their knowledge in a topic they find interesting, because they have chosen it. However, like secondary school, some learners are there because they have to be. Many occupations come with contractual obligations to pass a certain qualification. Not all those mature learners enjoy this aspect, so the teacher is faced with the same problem of motivation.Teaching mature learners also has barriers to learning. In the last ten years the face Of education has changed dramatically with the introduction on a large scale of IT usage. Some mature learners who have been out of the educational cycle for some time may find this intimidating. They may be used to certain methods of learning which are now defunct. These barriers have to be approached and overcome. As my subject specialist area requires a massive amount of work to be done have just adjust my teaching style and approach as not to isolate any learners. SE Mason's theory heavily for this and scaffold learning by delivering Photos at the most basic level. As not disengage the more competent learners I ensure there are an array of strength and challenge extension tasks embedded with the lesson and throughout the curriculum. When considering your curriculum and how best to deliver it, I use a broad range of principles. These range from. Behaviorism The behaviorism approach can be summed up by the term ‘what you see'. This theory believes effective teaching occurs when the learner practices the task until they learn the process of doing it.It base is that by reinforcing a es pouse to learning over and over again, the learner stores the information. Pavlov experimented with conditioned learning with his salivating dogs study. This has however been criticized due to the usage of animals as test subjects instead of humans. However, his experiment had some conclusive results in favor of what he suggested. Behaviorist's state that the learner gets pleasure from completing a task and receiving praise for doing so. ‘We should not underestimate the satisfaction and educational value which pupils get from satisfactorily completing an action, however simple', (Maryland 1993).This form of reinforcement can be very useful with learners that are not operating at a very high level within the cognitive domain. It is also effective within practical based work, which involves the usage Of certain tools or equipment. This method is used in competency based exams or work. I implement this into my teaching as I do like to praise good practice by having a badge system . This may sound immature but the learners really do enjoy it. The department has within a badge representing a different lecturer. The learners are task to collect as may badges as the can.We have found that the learners wear these badges n the lanyards as a mark of achievement and they have become very popular, with all learners trying to get â€Å"the full set†. The competition amongst the students is very healthy and it means that the learners try their best in order to achieve by positive reinforcement. Cognitive – This theory looks at learner in a different way. It is the learner, and not the learning task that is important, (Curran, 2000, page 91). Cosmogonists believe it is the internal changes that occur as a result of learning that is significant. How we gain and organizes the knowledge is key.They believe that we relate ewe information to existing information we already have. Our prior experiences influence the way we look upon a new subject and the way we p rocess it. The cognitive theorist Burner believe discovery learning to be the most effective and authentic method of achieving a real understanding of the underlying principles off topic, (Remarriage et al, 2003, page 77). He feels the learner will have a clearer understanding if they are allowed to interpret the information gained in the way that suits their individual internal structure better. He also claims that discovery learning can be used to teach anyone.Criticism of this theory states that it requires all learners to have a cognitive maturity that allows them to ‘self teach'. Not all learners' function upon such a high level of Bloom's Taxonomy is what they state. When look at these principles of learning and how I use these to help structure my curriculum, can relate both to my teaching and practice. Due to the practical nature of what I teach, much of my teaching takes the form of learning by doing. This behaviorism theory works very effectively within the format us e it. I have to teach my learners how to use the editing software as part of a unit deliver.The process I use is demonstration followed by practice. This is repeated until the learners have been conditioned to understand how to use the equipment. Whilst they are on task with this, I deliberately take a step back and allow them to learn through trial and error. Using this form of delayed feedback assists them in understanding the process better, (Race & Walker, 2003, page 83). Another element of this theory I use is immediate praise. â€Å"The more frequent and instant the praise, the greater the motivational effect,† (Petty, 1 998, page 59). Discussion session also form a large part of teaching due to the social tauter of the group.I take these opportunities to give immediate feedback to learners when they have raised a good or connected point. The results are very apparent with the learners becoming much more vocal when they have had one of their points praised. I use this m ore with the quiet learners to produce better involvement within the group. Looking at how I incorporate cognitive approaches, my attention is drawn to the research assignment my class produces. The whole point of the assignment is to lead their own learning on a chosen topic. The basis of this assignment is to research a topic with the idea of producing specialist area presentation relating to it. Unit The understanding of the policies and procedures is that by working with hillier and young people , is that the welfare of the child is paramount , and it is the responsibility of all adults to safeguard and to promote the welfare of children and young people . Adults that work with children are responsible for their own actions , and behavior . Adults should work and be seen to work in an open and transparent way .They should have the same professional standards regarding culture, disability , race, gender, language , religious belief and or sexual identity. Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused or harmed. The possible signs and symptoms , indicators and behaviors that may concern are as follows: 1: Physical Abuse , they may have unexplained marks on their body, they may hide them so no one can see.They may make excuses for the individual that is there abuser , There could be possible signs of sexual abuse, egg by having bruis ing in certain areas , like around the wrists in the groin area. 2: Mental and Emotional abuse , these is where the young hill/ person may look withdrawn, may not like to deal with people and may not feel comfortable around certain people which could indicate that one of these people could be their abuser. : Isolation is another form of abuse where the individual is isolated from others, and is made to feel that they are being punished. Unit The 5 foundations of networking are necessary for allowing one device to communicate with another, because without any one of those five pieces of foundation, the communication wouldn't work. Without the media, you wouldn't be able to connect to anything, since media is your signal. Without an interface you wouldn't be able to access any Information on your computer. If you TLD have a signal, you wouldn't be able to transmit any Information or data.Without a pattern, the formation of the signals to be Interpreted would be Jumbled, and misunderstood. Without timing, your information wouldn't be synchronized, and it could start a new pattern at any time. Exercise 2. 1. 2 Computers are able to multicast, and they have the ability to comply with different settings. Exercise 2. 1. 3 I couldn't complete this exercise or 2. 1. 4 because I do not own a computer with Windows XP on it. Exercise 2. 1 Review 1 _ The difference between a peripheral device and a hardware device Is, with peripheral devices they are dependent upon a host.Peripheral devices are things like printers, scanners, and game controllers. 2. I would want to limit the type of incoming connections that are allowed on a computer because you're using a lot of broadband to be able to handle bringing in that much information. The computer, or device would respond slower and slower the more your use It. 3. Peer-to-peer networks are beneficial because you can communicate with everyone that's on that network without having to get on another network. Its purpose Is to assist companies and corporations to communicate easily and effectively.LAB 2. 2 Exercise 2. 2. 1 In my pollen, buying a single $500 printer would be more cost effective than buying everyone their own personal printer. You would spend three times as much n paper and ink on every personal printer than you would on one single printer each month. Since office printers beginning sale runs about $600, if it's not in your budget to have more than one pri nter, it would be easier and more convenient for the company to get a cheap individual $20 printers. Exercise 2. 2. 2.If each printer prints 180 pages an hour and each user prints 22 pages an hour, if you only have printer, you're automatically overloading the printer every hour. Having four printers would prevent printer overloads or Jams. Exercise 2. 2. 3 My computer > network drive> Drive: R> Folder > Documents >Ashley>Izard Schoolwork> Networking connection failed. Exercise 2. 2. 4 Drawbacks of using a networked drive for storing important documents is the possibility of losing all of your important documents.The drive could become malicious and would have to be wiped. Exercise 2. 2. 5 Made new shortcut to internet on my desktop.. Exercise 2. 2. 6 You should verify that the network resource is connected correctly at least daily. If the resource is moved or taken offline your shortcut will not work. I turned off the internet on my computer and then tried to use the shortcut and t his is the screen I received. When network is turned back on it works normally. Lab 2. 2 Review 1 .It is infeasible to create a shortcut to every website you use frequently because you can add them as favorites to your internet browser. It wouldn't be probable to add every shortcut to a website that you use because it could slow your memory on your computer. 2. I do not think it would be a good idea to create multiple mounted drives for different folders because you will be dividing your broadband by however many devices you have connected. 3. Sharing resources is a great advantage in a network because it provides the ability to send information easily and quickly. Unit The understanding of the policies and procedures is that by working with hillier and young people , is that the welfare of the child is paramount , and it is the responsibility of all adults to safeguard and to promote the welfare of children and young people . Adults that work with children are responsible for their own actions , and behavior . Adults should work and be seen to work in an open and transparent way .They should have the same professional standards regarding culture, disability , race, gender, language , religious belief and or sexual identity. Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused or harmed. The possible signs and symptoms , indicators and behaviors that may concern are as follows: 1: Physical Abuse , they may have unexplained marks on their body, they may hide them so no one can see.They may make excuses for the individual that is there abuser , There could be possible signs of sexual abuse, egg by having bruis ing in certain areas , like around the wrists in the groin area. 2: Mental and Emotional abuse , these is where the young hill/ person may look withdrawn, may not like to deal with people and may not feel comfortable around certain people which could indicate that one of these people could be their abuser. : Isolation is another form of abuse where the individual is isolated from others, and is made to feel that they are being punished. Unit In this task I will be writing a case study about two different individuals who have different needs to one another, in order to complete an application for my second year to train as a social worker. Michael is a 79 year old man who lives in a residential care home because he cannot look after himself as he has dementia and forgets to do things like feed himself, wash himself. He cannot go out to the shop or even go for a walk about because he cannot stable himself to walk properly and finds it hard to walk around without being in pain because of his arthritis.When he was younger he used to work in the metal works making all sorts of metal which was used for buildings, doors anything that had metal in them Michael has made in the metal works. Michael even used run to keep him health and fit he would even do cross country running. Michael is an atheist who doesn't believe in anything and he still gets on with his life even though his friends believe in different religions such as Chr istian, Muslim. Michaels family live almost 2 hours away which means they cannot go and see him as much as they would like to see him and because of that he eels really lonely and that he has no one to talk to.Michael has one younger brother who lives abroad so he doesn't have a chance to see him unless he comes back to the I-J for like 4 weeks every year and if he comes to see Michael. Nancy is a 83 year old woman who lives in a residential care home because she arthritis, she has also broken her wrist which enables her to be able to wash herself properly, she also has bipolar disorder. Bipolar is also known as manic depression this condition can affect your mood which can swing from one extreme to the other.Nancy goes through a tag of depression every day after losing her husband 2 years ago and she thinks that she is worthless and that she cannot do anything right. Nancy is a Christian who follows the religion very carefully and listens to what is right and knows what is wrong an d she is strict by following the rules. Nanny's family come to see her every two days because they live 30 minutes away which means they can come see her more often and she likes that they come and see her because they are the only family she has got and she can talk to them and have fun with them.Nancy is the youngest r her and her sister but her sister never comes to see her because she has her own problems such as bad arthritis pains in her legs and her knees which enables her to walk. When she was younger Nancy used to love running, swimming she used to take part in sports for her school teams she used to travel up and down the country in order to take part in competing for her school team to win medals and for the school to win some medals.Empowerment of individual- Giving individuals enough information to enable them to make informed decisions and make choices about their life. It lies at the heart of the care value base, devised by the Care Sector Consortium in 1992. The care worker could empower Michael by getting him a mobility scooter so he can get out of the house rather than being indoors all day on how own. A mobility scooter is an electronic scooter that lets people who cannot walk properly still get out and about of the house.Also where Michael has dementia he tends to forget things very easily so the care worker could leave him notes in important places such as the kitchen, bathroom, and toilet telling him how to use the things that are in there and how to cook his food. This would help him physically because he is still getting out and about and leading a normal life also he would be eating instead of forgetting to eat. Intellectually it would help him because he is still thinking and using his brain to read the notes that have been left for him.It would help Michael emotionally because after years of being stuck in doors on his own he will be able to go out into the fresh air and go to the shops and parks on his own without worrying about not being able to walk properly, also it would help his socially because once he starts getting out the house he can interact with new people and tart making friends whilst he is out instead of having no friends and being alone.The care worker could empower Nancy by getting her a career who with her all day and leaves at night, the career would help Nancy to open Jars, fridges, doors and anything that Nancy would not be able to open because of her arthritis, and because of her broken wrist she is unable to do a lot of things for herself, especially washing herself when she is taking a bath or a shower. Also she could take some lessons on working on her bipolar in order to stop it from getting any worse and calming it down which is causing her to become even more depressed than she normally is and is making her keep herself to herself and not talk to anyone else.Physically this will help Nancy to get back to the way she was where she would talk to anyone and everyone in the nursing home . It would make her a better person for herself and others. Intellectually it will help her to understand that her bipolar is causing her to shut herself away from everyone and that she has no one to talk to when she needs people to talk to, to cheer her up. This will help her emotionally because she knows hat she would be getting help in order for her to get better and that she would have more people to talk to when she needs them.It would also help her socially because she can talk to people about her depression and losing her husband and she would make more friends whilst she is at the residential care home. Promotion of choice- Every person should be encouraged to exercise their choice or control of their lives for example by choosing which activities they want to take part in when they are in a residential care setting. An advocate can help them to understand that the choice is remoter by representing the individual and explaining what is important to them.Michael could have th e promotion of choice by being asked does he want to be able to get out of the house instead of being there all day on his own with no one to talk to or to make any friends. This could help him physically because he is being given a choice to go outside on the scooter or be inside all day. Intellectually it makes him think does he want to get out of the house into fresh air or being indoors all day doing the same things he usually does. Emotionally this helps him to feel as if he can o things on his own without any help from people and makes him think that he does have a choice.Socially this will help him because if he does go out he can make new friends and meet new people rather than him being on his own. Nancy could have the promotion of choice by being asked does she want to go to classes which could help her with her bipolar disorder which could help her to stop being depressed. Physically this can help her become a better person and a happier person all round. Intellectually i t could help her to become a stronger person fighting her own battles thou other people doing it for her and to become a better person like she was before everything happened.Emotionally it could help her see that she is bringing herself down and is causing her more pain and hurt. This would help her socially because she would be able to talk to people more about how she is feeling and what she is going through and she would be able to make more friends and be able to spend time with them more. Promotion of rights- Every individual in a health and social care setting environment has the rights to confidentiality, choice and to have their individuality acknowledged and respected. All individuals have a right to voice their opinions and receive effective communication.They must have access to the policies and procedures of the organization that is providing their care. Michael has the provision of rights by knowing that he has the right to choose if he wants to have the scooter and he has the rights to his own confidentiality by means of which no one else should know what his problems are. Physically this would make him feel better of himself because no one else would know what kind of problems are going on with him and only he and the career would understand what kind of needs he has.Intellectually this would make him think that he can trust the career and can tell them what it is he needs and nothing would be said to anyone else. Emotionally this would make Michael understand that the career is there for his needs and his needs only and would help him anyway that they can. Socially this would make Michael be able to talk to people more and maybe he could tell them what is the matter with him and they would understand. Nancy has the provision of rights by choosing if she wants to have a career with her every day to help her to open things such as Jars and if she ants to have classes to help with her bipolar.Physically this could help Nancy because she knows tha t she has a right to choose what she wants to do with her life a future. Intellectually this would help Nancy to think that she can have a career with her to help her do things more easily than doing it herself. Emotionally this will help Nancy to understand that there is help there if she needs it and if she was to ask they would help her and not turn away and leave her to do it herself. Socially this will help her to talk to people easier and understand that she can talk about her robbers with people.Recognition of preferences- When providing social care support for vulnerable people, it is important to find out and recognize their preferences. This helps to ensure that they are able to live independently and allow them to stay in control of their daily lives. For example individuals should be able to state their preferences as to the type of support they wish to receive. Michael has a right to recognition of preferences by knowing that he could live by himself if he wanted to but he would still need help to do the daily things that people have to do.Physically this would help him to learn to live on his own without lots of people being around all the time wanting to know his business. Intellectually this would help Michael to understand that he could try and do things on his own rather than wanting to rely on other people to do it for him and be more independent. Emotionally this would help Michael to understand that he could live on his own and try to do things on his own with the exception of a career being there for him. Socially this would enable Michael to talk to people more than Just being on his own and leaning with his problems and knowing that he can talk to people about it.Nancy has the recognition of rights by knowing that she could live on her own, if she wanted to but she would still need help to do the daily things that people have to do. Physically this would help Nancy to understand that she could live on her own but have a career there Jus t in case she needs them to help her wash and to help her get up from a chair because of her arthritis. Intellectually this could help her understand that they are giving her a chance to do things independently and not having people here 2417 doing it for her.Emotionally this could help Nancy to realism that she could do things for herself she don't always need someone there to make sure that she can do it. Socially this would help her to get out more and to interact with other people around and not be left on her own. Involvement of individuals in planning their support- Care should be person-centered which means that care is focused on the individual to ensure that independence and autonomy are promoted. A social care worker should not make any decision or start delivering a service without discussion ND consultation with the individual involved.Michael has the right to be involved of planning in his support by telling the career when he needs help and if he wants help rather than Just getting help when he don't want it. Physically this would help Michael to understand that he can tell the career when he wants or needs help rather than Just getting it and making him depressed. Intellectually this could help him to know that he can talk to the career rather than being scared and not talking to the career about it. Emotionally this can help Michael to know that the career is there of hey are needed and he Just has to ask for help.Socially this will help him to talk to the career more instead of being scared to ask in case the career doesn't listen to him. Nancy has the right to be involved of planning in her support by telling the career when she needs help and if she wants help rather than Just getting help when she don't want it. Physically this can help Nancy to know that the career is always there if they are needed and will help when asked. Intellectually this will help her to think that the career will always help when they are asked instead of doing it when they are not asked.Emotionally this will help Nancy to understand that she can do things for herself but the career is there Just to help her when needed. Socially this helps Nancy to understand that she can talk to people about what is going on and that she can ask for help when needed. Respect for diversity- Britain is a multicultural society and this has an impact on health and social care delivery. The value of diversity should be obvious but unfortunately many people lack knowledge and understanding of different cultures, races or religions, and may therefore become fearful of something or someone who is different.Michael has the right of respect for diversity knowing that he is atheist and the careers could be another religion he wouldn't asking for things that they perhaps may not like or might not want to do. Physically this could help Michael to understand that if he wanted something cooked that they may not like to cook because they do not like it in their religion th ey may not want to cook it. Intellectually this would make him think that maybe he could try and do it for himself while the career watches him. Emotionally this will help him to understand other religions more and what their beliefs are.Socially this could make him understand that talking to them about their different religion is good and so that he can understand what they believe in. Nancy has the right of respect for diversity knowing that she is Christian and the careers could be another religion she wouldn't asking for things that they perhaps may not like or might not want to do. Physically this will help Nancy to understand that everyone's religion and beliefs are different they are not all the same. Intellectually this would make Nancy understand that not everyone has the same religion and they all believe in different things.Emotionally this will make her think that she could try and do things for herself. Socially this could make her think that she might want to try and d o things for herself. Holistic approach- All care work is about improving an individual's quality of life by taking a holistic approach to providing care. Holistic care means looking at all of a person's needs and providing opportunities for these needs to be met. The career has the right to try and improve the individual's quality of life by taking the persons needs and trying to make the best out of them.Michael has the rights to a career because of his dementia. Physically this makes him understand that he is important and that his needs are trying to be met and looked after well. Intellectually this will make him think that his needs are important and that the career will always help him. Emotionally this will help Michael to understand that he can try and do things for himself whilst the career is there watching him to make sure that he is safe. Socially this will help Michael to understand that he can talk to the career about his needs and what he thinks can be done about them .Nanny's needs are that she has arthritis, broken wrist and she has bipolar disorder and the career should help her to do daily things so she can live a quality life. Physically this will make Nancy understand that she can still do everything that she could do when she had no problems but she Just has to have a career there to help her. Intellectually this could get Nancy to understand that she could try and do it for herself. Emotionally this will get Nancy to understand that she should try and walk around more to help her try and gain her strength again.Socially this can help her to know that she could talk to people about her problems and try talking to people about her bipolar disorder. Multi- agency involvement- Multi- disciplinary working is about teams of workers from all different specialist professions and services working together in order to prevent problems from occurring in the support planning process. Working well with other agencies allows for all the different optio ns to be considered and resources can be offered to be included in a support plan.It is extremely important for the service provider to be fully aware of the power they have in their professional capacity and not misuse the power. This means being aware of the conflicts that can emerge in relation to the individuals rights and needs Michael has the right to multi-agency involvement because of his dementia and arthritis which means that he could need a doctor and maybe the physiotherapist in order for him to be able to walk properly again and to help him to try and remember things. Physically this would help Michael to remember things instead or forgetting them instantly.Intellectually this will help him to start remembering people he used to know and how to things at home like shower, cook. Emotionally this can help him to become a better person and start getting him to do things for himself. Socially this will help Michael talk to people more without forgetting things. Nancy has ar thritis and bipolar which means she would need a doctor and maybe social worker so she can talk to people about her problems. Physically this will help Nancy to understand that maybe she should talk about her problems rather than keep them to herself.Intellectually this can help her to start getting rid of all the guilt that she is keeping inside her rather than letting it out. Emotionally this will help her to understand that maybe people are right she should start talking to people more instead of keeping herself to herself. Socially this will help Nancy to understand that no one will make fun of her if she tells them she has bipolar. Anti-Discriminatory practice- Discrimination is caused by prejudice which in turn leads to negative behavior.Discriminatory actions or behavior can lead to some people not having their needs met. Negative behavior can damage a person physically and psychologically and can also cause stress. Michael thinks that people will make fun of his because he h as dementia and that he keeps forgetting things easily than any other person may not. Physically this makes him depressed because e thinks that he is worthless, he can talk to doctor to help him understand why they might do that. Intellectually it makes him think that no one cares about him and they don't want to know him.Emotionally this will make him think that he is worthless and that he can't trust anyone. Socially this makes him not want to talk to people about his problems and keep them to himself. Nancy doesn't want to tell anyone about her problems because she thinks they might not take her seriously and find it all a Joke if she tells them she has bipolar. Physically this makes her down in herself and would ant to keep herself away from other people. Intellectually this will makes Nancy think why would she want to share her problems with people she thinks would understand but don't.Emotionally it would make her think that she is nothing and that no one really cares about he r. Socially this would make her not want to talk to people because they might make fun of her. Maintaining confidentiality- Every individual has a right to confidentiality and privacy and control over their personal details. Maintaining confidentiality has become a specific issue in principles and values. It is vital to successful care giving to keep information provided by all individuals confidential.Michael trusts the career to keep his problems confidential and not tell anyone else without telling him first and making sure that they could tell the other person. Physically this would make him think that he can trust them and believe them if they say they won't tell anyone. Intellectually this will make him think if he can tell them or not without them telling anyone about his problems. Emotionally this will make Michael feel trustworthy towards his career and would be able to tell them things he wouldn't tell other people.Socially this would help Michael to talk more to people ab out all thee problems he has and has confidence. Nancy trusts the career to keep her problems confidential and not to tell anyone else without telling her first and making sure that they could tell the other person. Physically this would make her feel as if she could trust their career and could tell them all about her problems. Intellectually this will make Nancy understand that maybe she could tell there career things and they wouldn't tell anyone else about them.Emotionally this will cake her feel as if she can put all her trust in the career and tell them things they wouldn't normally tell other people. Socially this could show her that she could talk to other people about her problems without being laughed at. Ml- Review the benefit to individuals and professional staff, of taking a holistic approach to planning support Holistic Approach- A holistic view means that we are interested in engaging and developing the whole person. You can think of this as different levels, such as physical, emotional, mental and spiritual.It's the concept that the human being is lit-dimensional. We have conscious and unconscious aspects, rational and irrational aspects. It is important for care professionals to help support the whole individual because it then helps the person in care to be looked after properly and have their needs met when it is needed. The purpose of this essay is to get people to understand what holistic approach and why it is important for health care professionals to follow and support the individual with the needs that they need. Five advantages of working in a holistic way for Michael and Nancy are, Empowers themMichael will feel like he can make his own formed decision and choose whether or not he wants to do something that he might not want to do in the first place. Secondly it can make him more confident in himself to do things on his own and carry out tasks that he thought he might not be able to do in the first place instead of the career doing i t all for him. Also he will feel more socially competent, he wants to go outside more by himself and try to meet new people every time he goes out. He has made a few friends who he goes and see and they come to his and they talk to each there or go for walks.Nancy will feel as if she can make her own formed decision because the career gives her a choice whether she wants to do something or not and the career doesn't force her into doing it if she doesn't want to. Nancy will have more confidence in herself to do the tasks on her own without the career doing it all for her which could make her feel as if she can't do things. She will also feel more socially competent she can talk to people a lot more than she used to before her career was with her, she is also able to go outside on her own meeting new people and making new friends.She can maintain a strong friendship with people because she likes meeting new people. Respects them and treats them as individuals Michael might feel respe cted and feel important by the career because he or she helps them to do the things that they cannot do.. Whereas the doctors think that he cannot do things on his own and that he has to have a career with him 2417 to help him get up and around the house or go outside and is concerned about his wellbeing. Michael will be treated as an individual and will have the right to influence the right kind of treatment that he needs and not be given the wrong type of treatment. Unit DO- explain how establishing a safe and secure environment can support the procedures necessary for accident, illnesses and emergencies. The layout of the environment in a setting should be suitable for the safety of the children. This means that toys, playing equipotent, tables and chairs should be age appropriate. If an accident occurred your role is to: check the child is safe, calm and comfortable, fill out and accidents form reporting the accident which is signed by a member of staffed the manager and parents.The accident should be reported in a standard nursery accident book. If necessary POSTED could be contacted due to neglect of the setting. The setting should ensure that engagements are provided for the number of children to ensure every child is safe, practitioners should know first aid and should be trained in the resources for the safety of the children and should m,aka sure they know how everything works. Whilst outside a secure environment is essential to ensure no chi ldren can leave the premises and none of the public can get into the scenting.To prevent accident happening in the nursery wet floors should be dried immediately to prevent children form running and slipping on it. Making sure all cleaning equipotent is out of reach of children and all rooms should be fitted with gates or doors to ensure a;; children stay in the room and don't wonder into dangerous zones such as the kitchen In a setting a clean environment is essential, there must be a cleaning Rota provided to ensure cleaning is regular and this Rota is checked regularly to ensure children can use a clean toilet area which is free of bacteria to stop children becoming ill.Young babies and young children's equipotent must've sterilized to prevent them from catching colds and illnesses, this s from the children putting toys in their mouths and their immune system being so weak. Hand washing facilities should be suitable for the children's age and the children should know the importan ce of washing their hands and that it prevents them from getting ill.To prevent passing on colds, when wiping children's noses, children shouldn't share tissues and between wiping each chills nose you should wash your hands to prevent illness. Simple procedures like making sure children have their own cups and plates and baby bottles aren't mixed up can prevent illness and infection between children Unit These two levels are very different, and must be approached by those delivering the learning with awareness of the altered factors. Hence why all curriculums need to different to meet the requirements of learners. Pedagogy is when you are teaching learners that fit into the ‘child to adult' spectrum of development. This covers secondary school and some further education levels. When delivering the learning you need to be aware that they are not self motivated like mature learners, so you have to approach the teaching differently.They must be shown the benefits of what they are tidying to understand where it fits into the grand scheme of their education, where this subject is leading. If they are shown progression and a point to the learning, it will aid in their motivation. You need to constantly change the learning styles. This is true of all teaching, but more so with the pedagogy principle. Young learners need to be interested in the topic or the format of learning it. As th ey are at a stage in their education where it is compulsory, not every learner it the classroom wants to be there. This makes them harder to engage and keep engaged.Constant changing of learning styles will aid his. Androgyny is the second principle of learning. This deals with mature learners. This has the same issues as the pedagogy principle, just cased in a different format. Most androgyny learners are there because they want to increase their knowledge in a topic they find interesting, because they have chosen it. However, like secondary school, some learners are there because they have to be. Many occupations come with contractual obligations to pass a certain qualification. Not all those mature learners enjoy this aspect, so the teacher is faced with the same problem of motivation.Teaching mature learners also has barriers to learning. In the last ten years the face Of education has changed dramatically with the introduction on a large scale of IT usage. Some mature learners who have been out of the educational cycle for some time may find this intimidating. They may be used to certain methods of learning which are now defunct. These barriers have to be approached and overcome. As my subject specialist area requires a massive amount of work to be done have just adjust my teaching style and approach as not to isolate any learners. SE Mason's theory heavily for this and scaffold learning by delivering Photos at the most basic level. As not disengage the more competent learners I ensure there are an array of strength and challenge extension tasks embedded with the lesson and throughout the curriculum. When considering your curriculum and how best to deliver it, I use a broad range of principles. These range from. Behaviorism The behaviorism approach can be summed up by the term ‘what you see'. This theory believes effective teaching occurs when the learner practices the task until they learn the process of doing it.It base is that by reinforcing a es pouse to learning over and over again, the learner stores the information. Pavlov experimented with conditioned learning with his salivating dogs study. This has however been criticized due to the usage of animals as test subjects instead of humans. However, his experiment had some conclusive results in favor of what he suggested. Behaviorist's state that the learner gets pleasure from completing a task and receiving praise for doing so. ‘We should not underestimate the satisfaction and educational value which pupils get from satisfactorily completing an action, however simple', (Maryland 1993).This form of reinforcement can be very useful with learners that are not operating at a very high level within the cognitive domain. It is also effective within practical based work, which involves the usage Of certain tools or equipment. This method is used in competency based exams or work. I implement this into my teaching as I do like to praise good practice by having a badge system . This may sound immature but the learners really do enjoy it. The department has within a badge representing a different lecturer. The learners are task to collect as may badges as the can.We have found that the learners wear these badges n the lanyards as a mark of achievement and they have become very popular, with all learners trying to get â€Å"the full set†. The competition amongst the students is very healthy and it means that the learners try their best in order to achieve by positive reinforcement. Cognitive – This theory looks at learner in a different way. It is the learner, and not the learning task that is important, (Curran, 2000, page 91). Cosmogonists believe it is the internal changes that occur as a result of learning that is significant. How we gain and organizes the knowledge is key.They believe that we relate ewe information to existing information we already have. Our prior experiences influence the way we look upon a new subject and the way we p rocess it. The cognitive theorist Burner believe discovery learning to be the most effective and authentic method of achieving a real understanding of the underlying principles off topic, (Remarriage et al, 2003, page 77). He feels the learner will have a clearer understanding if they are allowed to interpret the information gained in the way that suits their individual internal structure better. He also claims that discovery learning can be used to teach anyone.Criticism of this theory states that it requires all learners to have a cognitive maturity that allows them to ‘self teach'. Not all learners' function upon such a high level of Bloom's Taxonomy is what they state. When look at these principles of learning and how I use these to help structure my curriculum, can relate both to my teaching and practice. Due to the practical nature of what I teach, much of my teaching takes the form of learning by doing. This behaviorism theory works very effectively within the format us e it. I have to teach my learners how to use the editing software as part of a unit deliver.The process I use is demonstration followed by practice. This is repeated until the learners have been conditioned to understand how to use the equipment. Whilst they are on task with this, I deliberately take a step back and allow them to learn through trial and error. Using this form of delayed feedback assists them in understanding the process better, (Race & Walker, 2003, page 83). Another element of this theory I use is immediate praise. â€Å"The more frequent and instant the praise, the greater the motivational effect,† (Petty, 1 998, page 59). Discussion session also form a large part of teaching due to the social tauter of the group.I take these opportunities to give immediate feedback to learners when they have raised a good or connected point. The results are very apparent with the learners becoming much more vocal when they have had one of their points praised. I use this m ore with the quiet learners to produce better involvement within the group. Looking at how I incorporate cognitive approaches, my attention is drawn to the research assignment my class produces. The whole point of the assignment is to lead their own learning on a chosen topic. The basis of this assignment is to research a topic with the idea of producing specialist area presentation relating to it. Unit The difference between Proactive and Reactive is, Proactive is the strategies that are put in place to prevent challenging behavior occurring and Reactive is the way that challenging behavior is managed once it has occurred. 2. 2 Proactive strategies that are in place are removal of potential triggers, use of person centered planning for each service user so that they obtain a consistent approach from staff tailored to their personal needs.Reactive strategies that are in place are hat each individual service user has a physical intervention plan that has been agreed to by a multi disciplinary team, also with a consistent approach and debriefs after incidents De escalation techniques are constantly documented and plans updated. 2. The importance of identify patterns of behavior or triggers is crucial in establishing both Proactive and Reactive strategies to enable staff to constantly update plans, so that potential challenging behavior can be minimized and managed better, educing risk s to the service user, staff and others ,to improve quality of life and social inclusion. 2. 4 Person centered approaches enable the service user to have a constant approach tailored for there specific needs, with person centered tools, what is important to the service user can be identified and care plans put in place to reduce risk of challenging behavior. . 5 Positive behavior should be reinforced to boost service user morale and self esteem, o encourage better behavior and more positive outcomes service users should be praised when showing good behavior or achieving simple tasks, service users thrive in a positive friendly environment. Unit The 5 foundations of networking are necessary for allowing one device to communicate with another, because without any one of those five pieces of foundation, the communication wouldn't work. Without the media, you wouldn't be able to connect to anything, since media is your signal. Without an interface you wouldn't be able to access any Information on your computer. If you TLD have a signal, you wouldn't be able to transmit any Information or data.Without a pattern, the formation of the signals to be Interpreted would be Jumbled, and misunderstood. Without timing, your information wouldn't be synchronized, and it could start a new pattern at any time. Exercise 2. 1. 2 Computers are able to multicast, and they have the ability to comply with different settings. Exercise 2. 1. 3 I couldn't complete this exercise or 2. 1. 4 because I do not own a computer with Windows XP on it. Exercise 2. 1 Review 1 _ The difference between a peripheral device and a hardware device Is, with peripheral devices they are dependent upon a host.Peripheral devices are things like printers, scanners, and game controllers. 2. I would want to limit the type of incoming connections that are allowed on a computer because you're using a lot of broadband to be able to handle bringing in that much information. The computer, or device would respond slower and slower the more your use It. 3. Peer-to-peer networks are beneficial because you can communicate with everyone that's on that network without having to get on another network. Its purpose Is to assist companies and corporations to communicate easily and effectively.LAB 2. 2 Exercise 2. 2. 1 In my pollen, buying a single $500 printer would be more cost effective than buying everyone their own personal printer. You would spend three times as much n paper and ink on every personal printer than you would on one single printer each month. Since office printers beginning sale runs about $600, if it's not in your budget to have more than one pri nter, it would be easier and more convenient for the company to get a cheap individual $20 printers. Exercise 2. 2. 2.If each printer prints 180 pages an hour and each user prints 22 pages an hour, if you only have printer, you're automatically overloading the printer every hour. Having four printers would prevent printer overloads or Jams. Exercise 2. 2. 3 My computer > network drive> Drive: R> Folder > Documents >Ashley>Izard Schoolwork> Networking connection failed. Exercise 2. 2. 4 Drawbacks of using a networked drive for storing important documents is the possibility of losing all of your important documents.The drive could become malicious and would have to be wiped. Exercise 2. 2. 5 Made new shortcut to internet on my desktop.. Exercise 2. 2. 6 You should verify that the network resource is connected correctly at least daily. If the resource is moved or taken offline your shortcut will not work. I turned off the internet on my computer and then tried to use the shortcut and t his is the screen I received. When network is turned back on it works normally. Lab 2. 2 Review 1 .It is infeasible to create a shortcut to every website you use frequently because you can add them as favorites to your internet browser. It wouldn't be probable to add every shortcut to a website that you use because it could slow your memory on your computer. 2. I do not think it would be a good idea to create multiple mounted drives for different folders because you will be dividing your broadband by however many devices you have connected. 3. Sharing resources is a great advantage in a network because it provides the ability to send information easily and quickly. Unit The 5 foundations of networking are necessary for allowing one device to communicate with another, because without any one of those five pieces of foundation, the communication wouldn't work. Without the media, you wouldn't be able to connect to anything, since media is your signal. Without an interface you wouldn't be able to access any Information on your computer. If you TLD have a signal, you wouldn't be able to transmit any Information or data.Without a pattern, the formation of the signals to be Interpreted would be Jumbled, and misunderstood. Without timing, your information wouldn't be synchronized, and it could start a new pattern at any time. Exercise 2. 1. 2 Computers are able to multicast, and they have the ability to comply with different settings. Exercise 2. 1. 3 I couldn't complete this exercise or 2. 1. 4 because I do not own a computer with Windows XP on it. Exercise 2. 1 Review 1 _ The difference between a peripheral device and a hardware device Is, with peripheral devices they are dependent upon a host.Peripheral devices are things like printers, scanners, and game controllers. 2. I would want to limit the type of incoming connections that are allowed on a computer because you're using a lot of broadband to be able to handle bringing in that much information. The computer, or device would respond slower and slower the more your use It. 3. Peer-to-peer networks are beneficial because you can communicate with everyone that's on that network without having to get on another network. Its purpose Is to assist companies and corporations to communicate easily and effectively.LAB 2. 2 Exercise 2. 2. 1 In my pollen, buying a single $500 printer would be more cost effective than buying everyone their own personal printer. You would spend three times as much n paper and ink on every personal printer than you would on one single printer each month. Since office printers beginning sale runs about $600, if it's not in your budget to have more than one pri nter, it would be easier and more convenient for the company to get a cheap individual $20 printers. Exercise 2. 2. 2.If each printer prints 180 pages an hour and each user prints 22 pages an hour, if you only have printer, you're automatically overloading the printer every hour. Having four printers would prevent printer overloads or Jams. Exercise 2. 2. 3 My computer > network drive> Drive: R> Folder > Documents >Ashley>Izard Schoolwork> Networking connection failed. Exercise 2. 2. 4 Drawbacks of using a networked drive for storing important documents is the possibility of losing all of your important documents.The drive could become malicious and would have to be wiped. Exercise 2. 2. 5 Made new shortcut to internet on my desktop.. Exercise 2. 2. 6 You should verify that the network resource is connected correctly at least daily. If the resource is moved or taken offline your shortcut will not work. I turned off the internet on my computer and then tried to use the shortcut and t his is the screen I received. When network is turned back on it works normally. Lab 2. 2 Review 1 .It is infeasible to create a shortcut to every website you use frequently because you can add them as favorites to your internet browser. It wouldn't be probable to add every shortcut to a website that you use because it could slow your memory on your computer. 2. I do not think it would be a good idea to create multiple mounted drives for different folders because you will be dividing your broadband by however many devices you have connected. 3. Sharing resources is a great advantage in a network because it provides the ability to send information easily and quickly. Unit DO- explain how establishing a safe and secure environment can support the procedures necessary for accident, illnesses and emergencies. The layout of the environment in a setting should be suitable for the safety of the children. This means that toys, playing equipotent, tables and chairs should be age appropriate. If an accident occurred your role is to: check the child is safe, calm and comfortable, fill out and accidents form reporting the accident which is signed by a member of staffed the manager and parents.The accident should be reported in a standard nursery accident book. If necessary POSTED could be contacted due to neglect of the setting. The setting should ensure that engagements are provided for the number of children to ensure every child is safe, practitioners should know first aid and should be trained in the resources for the safety of the children and should m,aka sure they know how everything works. Whilst outside a secure environment is essential to ensure no chi ldren can leave the premises and none of the public can get into the scenting.To prevent accident happening in the nursery wet floors should be dried immediately to prevent children form running and slipping on it. Making sure all cleaning equipotent is out of reach of children and all rooms should be fitted with gates or doors to ensure a;; children stay in the room and don't wonder into dangerous zones such as the kitchen In a setting a clean environment is essential, there must be a cleaning Rota provided to ensure cleaning is regular and this Rota is checked regularly to ensure children can use a clean toilet area which is free of bacteria to stop children becoming ill.Young babies and young children's equipotent must've sterilized to prevent them from catching colds and illnesses, this s from the children putting toys in their mouths and their immune system being so weak. Hand washing facilities should be suitable for the children's age and the children should know the importan ce of washing their hands and that it prevents them from getting ill.To prevent passing on colds, when wiping children's noses, children shouldn't share tissues and between wiping each chills nose you should wash your hands to prevent illness. Simple procedures like making sure children have their own cups and plates and baby bottles aren't mixed up can prevent illness and infection between children

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal is a 2001 book by Eric Schlosser. Published in 2001, it goes over the mechanizations of the fast food industry. The book further goes to investigate the working conditions of a fast food industry employee as well as how fast food has become a cultural export. If you have to write an argumentative essay on this great read, here are 10 facts that can inspire your subject choice. The â€Å"fast† aspect of fast food goes beyond quick delivery? Research shows that fast food not only provides quick and convenient sustenance, but also seems to speed up individuals’ perception of time. The researchers found that when exposed to fast food symbols unconsciously, the subjects of the study increased their reading speed. This happened even when there was no time constraint for the task. Thinking about consuming fast food also seemed to increase people’s preferences for time-saving products. Surprisingly, this manifested as impatience and led them to choose a fast, but inferior option. Overeating fast food causes psychological dependence similar to drug abuse. Addictive overeating can be triggered by lots of inter-connected factors. Similarly, individuals who are obese show signs of psychological dependence on fast food. This is the same phenomenon observed in drug addicts. Fast food essentially acts like a drug if the perfect storm of factors occurs. Neurological studies have shown that the brain’s reward and tolerance system gets rewired due to overeating and fast food. Obesity and crash diets cause people to eat faster. Obese adults eat faster than people whose BMI falls in the normal range. This is because obesity is caused by disruptions in the hormonal system responsible for managing appetite triggers. Individuals become resistant to insulin and leptin, two important appetite-related hormones. Stress and crash diets in such cases further disrupt natural appetite patterns. The brain becomes more sensitive to reward, leading to a toxic cycle of overeating and dieting. The obesity epidemic affecting the nation is the result of inactivity. The US has seen an increase in unhealthy habits such as excessive television viewing and consumption of fast food. This has produced a nation which is experiencing soaring rates of obesity and obesity-related health complications. Activities which involve long hours of sitting make for an unhealthy lifestyle. Fast food is high on calories and unhealthy additives, but low on micronutrients. Fast food is energy-dense; it packs quite a punch when it comes to the amount of calories, sodium, sugar and unhealthy fats. On the other hand, it has low micronutrient density. If you consume fast food, you are getting more calories, but not much nutritional value. A typical fast food meal will provide you with more than one-third of your daily requirement of energy, fats, and saturated fats. The drinks available at fast food outlets are no healthier than the food. Healthy drinks such as milk or spring water are a negligible amount of the drinks consumed; carbonated soda and sugar-rich drinks make up the majority of sales. Sticking to this diet daily will expose you to a higher risk of obesity. Proximity of fast food restaurants to schools is responsible for adolescents’ unhealthy eating habits. The proximity of fast food restaurants also has an effect on consumption patterns. If an outlet is located near a school, it can have a detrimental effect on adolescents’ eating habits. Students will end up consuming more soda, eating lower amounts of vegetables and fruits, and being at a higher risk of becoming overweight than their counterparts who did not have fast food outlets within easy reach of their schools. This relation has not been observed for other risky behaviors such as smoking. Exposure to a low-quality food environment can negatively affect eating patterns of school-aged kids. This problem can be helped if policies were put in place restricting the opening of fast food outlets near school zones. Fast food affects emotions and can even prevent the ability to feel pleasure. The connection between fast food and our emotions may be much deeper than previously known. Exposure to a stimulus related to fast food makes people impatient and affects our ability to derive happiness from a source of natural beauty and enjoy a great melody. The feelings of impatience can adversely affect our ability to feel pleasure. PAPs in food wrappers are responsible for health issues. Fast food wrappers are coated with compounds known as polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs). These chemicals are transferred to the food and have been linked to health problems in humans. Further studies are needed, but so far the evidence shows possible links between ingestion of PAPs, high cholesterol and uric acid levels. Food consumption affects children and makes changing their eating patterns a challenge in the future. Fast food consumption during childhood causes adverse physical changes and bad eating patterns. These affect the children well into adulthood, making unhealthy eating patterns a challenge to fix. Once a child gets used to fast food, they tend to consume a poorer diet even when fast food is not available. This highlights the need to teach kids about healthy food choices. Children who consumed fast food also consumed more high-sugar beverages, but fewer vegetables, fruits and high-fiber foods. The fast food industry is aware of the risks of consuming fast food, but blames consumers’ eating habits. Defendants of the fast food industry claim that food cannot be good or bad. It is the diets of the consumers which matter. The industry is aware of the negative consequences, but places the burden of those consequences on the eating patterns of the consumers. Their position is that the customers are well aware of the nutritional values of the food, yet still choose to eat it. You can use these ten facts to create an argumentative essay on â€Å"Fast Food Nation†. If you need more help, check out 20 topics on â€Å"Fast Food Nation† by Eric Schlosser for an argumentative essay for ideas on topics and how to write an argumentative essay on Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser to get a great grade. References: Garber, A., H. Lustig, R. (2011). Is Fast Food Addictive? Current Drug Abuse Reviewse, 4(3), 146-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104030146 Robin Croft (2006), Folklore, families and fear: understanding consumption decisions through the oral tradition, Journal of Marketing Management, 22:9/10, pp1053-1076, ISSN 0267-257X Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation (2003). Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (WHO technical report series 916) (PDF). World Health Organization. pp. 81–94.ISBN 92-4-120916-X. Retrieved 2016-03-19. Bowman, S., Gortmaker, S., Ebbeling, C., Pereira, M., Ludwig, D. (2003). Effects of Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality Among Children in a National Household Survey. PEDIATRICS, 113(1), 112-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.1.112 Laurance, Jeremy (30 January 2003). Fast food is addictive in same way as drugs, say scientists. London: The Independent. Jeffery, R., French, S. (1998). Epidemic obesity in the United States: are fast foods and television viewing contributing?. Am J Public Health, 88(2), 277-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.2.277 Bowman, S., Vinyard, B. (2004). Fast Food Consumption of U.S. Adults: Impact on Energy and Nutrient Intakes and Overweight Status. Journal Of The